{"id":51893,"date":"2024-06-18T09:24:57","date_gmt":"2024-06-18T09:24:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visitrivieraapuana.it\/non-classifiee\/la-carrara-di-marmo-dinizio-novecento\/"},"modified":"2024-06-24T08:29:36","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T08:29:36","slug":"le-marbre-de-carrare-du-debut-du-20e-siecle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visitrivieraapuana.it\/fr\/explorer\/lieux-a-visiter\/le-marbre-de-carrare-du-debut-du-20e-siecle\/","title":{"rendered":"Le marbre de Carrare du d\u00e9but du 20e si\u00e8cle"},"content":{"rendered":"

Au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, l’\u00e9conomie de Carrare a connu une forte croissance, soutenue par l’\u00e9volution favorable du march\u00e9 et les innovations technologiques introduites dans l’extraction, le traitement et le transport du marbre. Cette expansion se poursuit, \u00e0 l’exception de la p\u00e9riode de guerre, jusqu’en 1927 : la plus grande entreprise, “Carlo Fabbricotti e Bernardo Fabbricotti e Figli”, emploie alors plus de mille cent travailleurs, avec des succursales internationales et quatre grands d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de scierie r\u00e9partis entre Copenhague, Amsterdam, New York et Buenos Aires. Une dizaine d’entrepreneurs sont en mesure de vendre directement le marbre sur les march\u00e9s mondiaux et transportent des quantit\u00e9s moyennes qui d\u00e9passent les 245 000 tonnes par an entre 1925 et 1927. La population a augment\u00e9 de 50 % en trente ans, approchant les soixante mille habitants, un chiffre conforme \u00e0 celui d’aujourd’hui. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Cette vitalit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique s’accompagne d’une vaste expansion immobili\u00e8re, avec l’\u00e9dification de nouveaux b\u00e2timents, pour la plupart priv\u00e9s : l’ouverture du Viale XX Settembre (1906-1915), \u00e9quip\u00e9 d’une double voie pour le tramway \u00e9lectrique, ouvre de nouvelles perspectives, et le long de son trac\u00e9 sont construites de petites villas et d’\u00e9l\u00e9gantes demeures pour la bourgeoisie de marbre. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Les interventions publiques se sont concentr\u00e9es sur les infrastructures et n’ont retrouv\u00e9 un caract\u00e8re architectural qu’apr\u00e8s l’\u00e9clatement de la crise financi\u00e8re : les effets de la politique mon\u00e9taire de Mussolini, qui avait entra\u00een\u00e9 une flamb\u00e9e des prix du marbre, combin\u00e9s \u00e0 l’onde de choc de la Grande D\u00e9pression de 1929, ont provoqu\u00e9 l’effondrement du march\u00e9 et la faillite de nombreuses entreprises de Carrare. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

De l’imm\u00e9diat apr\u00e8s-guerre datent plusieurs \u00e9difices monumentaux construits en utilisant largement le marbre local : l’\u00e9difice de la poste, achev\u00e9 en 1934, l’Op\u00e9ra national Balilla, inaugur\u00e9 l’ann\u00e9e suivante, et le si\u00e8ge de l’INAIL, commenc\u00e9 en 1940 mais achev\u00e9 au d\u00e9but de la p\u00e9riode d’apr\u00e8s-guerre. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Le premier, contrairement aux constructions similaires des villes voisines de Massa et de La Spezia, n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 confi\u00e9 \u00e0 l’habituel Angiolo Mazzoni, architecte privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 par le r\u00e9gime pour l’\u00e9dification des b\u00e2timents postaux et ferroviaires, mais \u00e0 Giuseppe Boni (1884-1936) de Carrare. L’\u00e9difice, qui conserve sa fonction d’origine, se trouve \u00e0 l’entr\u00e9e du centre historique, au croisement de la Via Aronte et de la Via Mazzini, et s’impose aux b\u00e2timents environnants par son imposante masse de marbre. La tourelle octogonale avec l’horloge est la pi\u00e8ce ma\u00eetresse du b\u00e2timent et correspond au grand atrium central sur deux niveaux, sur lequel s’ouvrent encore les guichets des services publics. <\/span> L‘escalier d’acc\u00e8s est flanqu\u00e9 de deux statues monumentales en marbre de Sergio Vatteroni (1890-1975), <\/span> Lecarrier<\/span><\/i> et <\/span>Le sculpteur<\/span><\/i>, tandis que les ailes lat\u00e9rales sont orn\u00e9es de bas-reliefs en bardiglio fonc\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentant des all\u00e9gories des communications <\/span>terrestres<\/span><\/i>, <\/span>maritimes<\/span><\/i>, <\/span>a\u00e9riennes<\/span><\/i> et <\/span>radiophoniques<\/span><\/i>. L’ensemble est rev\u00eatu, \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur comme \u00e0 l’ext\u00e9rieur, de marbre local, avec une large utilisation du bardiglio, dans diff\u00e9rentes nuances de couleurs, dans le but de d\u00e9montrer clairement les possibilit\u00e9s offertes par l’utilisation de la pierre dans la construction.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Le m\u00eame Boni est \u00e9galement responsable de la conception de la Casa del Balilla, o\u00f9 le motif du corps d’angle octogonal revient pour articuler l’\u00e9l\u00e9vation du complexe. Les suggestions de la Renaissance pr\u00e9valent dans ce cas, avec un plan massif en pierre de taille lisse, sur lequel s’\u00e9l\u00e8ve un ordre gigantesque de pilastres. Le rev\u00eatement en marbre, d’un fort impact monumental, couvre tout le socle et le volume plus simple du th\u00e9\u00e2tre dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9. Dans l’apr\u00e8s-guerre, le b\u00e2timent a abrit\u00e9 le pensionnat “Vittorino da Feltre”, puis, depuis 1985, l’\u00e9cole nationale d’art “Artemisia Gentileschi”. La salle de th\u00e9\u00e2tre, quant \u00e0 elle, a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9e en 1980 en cin\u00e9ma d’art et d’essai : elle abrite aujourd’hui le “Nuovo Cinema Garibaldi”, g\u00e9r\u00e9 par des particuliers, et se pr\u00eate occasionnellement \u00e0 des spectacles ou \u00e0 des \u00e9v\u00e9nements publics.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 quelques dizaines de m\u00e8tres de l\u00e0 se trouve l’immeuble INAIL, dont la fa\u00e7ade principale donne sur la via Cucchiari : le projet, \u00e9labor\u00e9 par le bureau technique de l’INFAIL de l’\u00e9poque, a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u par Aldo Scarzella (1890-1962) dans un pur style rationaliste, avec des rev\u00eatements en marbre qui s’\u00e9tendent jusqu’\u00e0 l’avant-corps semi-circulaire de la via Bartolini. Le complexe, apr\u00e8s avoir abrit\u00e9 des bureaux et des r\u00e9sidences, est malheureusement dans un \u00e9tat d’abandon total.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, l’\u00e9conomie de Carrare a connu une forte croissance, soutenue par l’\u00e9volution favorable du march\u00e9 et…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54400,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[167,151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-art-et-histoire","category-lieux-a-visiter"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe marbre de Carrare du d\u00e9but du 20e si\u00e8cle - Visit Riviera Apuana<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visitrivieraapuana.it\/fr\/explorer\/lieux-a-visiter\/le-marbre-de-carrare-du-debut-du-20e-siecle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le marbre de Carrare du d\u00e9but du 20e si\u00e8cle - 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